Hi there, I was wondering if was possible to program a Numlock Key as a keyboard press? Such as the Numlock Key 7? If so, how?
Thanks!
With the Arduino Leonardo ?
You can send that code and see what happens.
This is the reference for the keys: http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/KeyboardModifiers
This is the code definition: http://github.com/arduino/Arduino/blob/master/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/USBAPI.h
Do you mean Number-pad key 7?
Numlock is usually a toggle, it isn't meaningfull to say "Numlock Key 7".
Sorry, my bad for poor choice of words and details, am new at this.
Yes it is an Arduino Leonardo, and I don't see the Number-pad key 7 on there, not sure how to code that in.
Any help is appreciated!
I presume it is possible, the documentation is hard to find. Here for example:
http://www.quadibloc.com/comp/scan.htm
I am finding quite a few ways of sending (say) F1, none of which seem to send the number documented here: http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/KeyboardModifiers
Hmmm - after reading the code a bit more, it seems that if you do a Keyboard.press (n) where n >= 136, then it subtracts 136 and sends that as a hex code.
So for example:
KEY_F1 0xC2 194
194 - 136 = 58
58 in hex is 0x3A
From that page (Scan Codes Demystified) 0x3A is F1.
So working forwards from that page:
Keypad-7 is 0x5F.
Add 136:
0x5f + 136 = 231
So, try doing:
Keyboard.press (231);
Just guessing, but maybe that will work. 
(edit) Don't forget to do a Keyboard.release afterwards.
Amazing, it worked!
I am still not sure how you got the hex number for Keypad 7 to be 0x5F, I am looking at a few links including the one you posted and nothing makes sense to me.
Anyways, would you mind telling me what Keypad 4 and 5 are please?
Thank you very much for your help!
Well done Nick, an undocumented feature !
KEYPAD_7 = 231
The others are in the same range.
KEYPAD_6 = 230
KEYPAD_5 = 229
KEYPAD_4 = 228
and so on
Here's the table:
Scan Code Key Scan Code Key Scan Code Key
Set Set Set USB Set Set Set USB Set Set Set USB
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
01 76 08 29 Esc 37 7C * PrtSc E0 5E E0 37 Power
02 16 16 1E ! 1 37+ 7C+ 7E 55 * KP E0 5F E0 3F Sleep
03 1E 1E 1F @ 2 37/54+ 7C/84 57 46 PrtSc E0 63 E0 5E Wake
04 26 26 20 # 3 38 11 19 E2 Alt L E0 20 E0 23 7F Mute
05 25 25 21 $ 4 E0 38 E0 11 39 E6 Alt R E0 30 E0 33 80 Volume Up
06 2E 2E 22 % 5 39 29 29 2C Space E0 2E E0 21 81 Volume Down
07 36 36 23 ^ 6 3A 58 14 39 Caps Lock E0 17 E0 43 7B Cut
08 3D 3D 24 & 7 3B 05 07 3A F1 E0 18 E0 44 7C Copy
09 3E 3E 25 * 8 3C 06 0F 3B F2 E0 0A E0 46 7D Paste
0A 46 46 26 ( 9 3D 04 17 3C F3 E0 3B E0 05 75 Help
0B 45 45 27 ) 0 3E 0C 1F 3D F4 E0 08 E0 3D 7A Undo
0C 4E 4E 2D _ - 3F 03 27 3E F5 E0 07 E0 36 Redo
0D 55 55 2E + = 40 0B 2F 3F F6 E0 22 E0 34 Play
0E 66 66 2A Back Space 41 83 37 40 F7 E0 24 E0 3B Stop
0F 0D 0D 2B Tab 42 0A 3F 41 F8 E0 10 E0 15 Skip Back
10 15 15 14 Q 43 01 47 42 F9 E0 19 E0 4D Skip Fwd
11 1D 1D 1A W 44 09 4F 43 F10 E0 2C E0 1A Eject
12 24 24 08 E 45+ 77+ 76 53 Num Lock E0 1E E0 1C Mail
13 2D 2D 15 R 45/46+ 77/7E+ 62 48 Pause/Bk E0 32 E0 3A Web
14 2C 2C 17 T 46 7E ScrLk/Bk E0 3C E0 06 Music
15 35 35 1C Y 46+ 7E+ 5F 47 Scroll Lock E0 64 E0 08 Pictures
16 3C 3C 18 U 47 6C 6C 5F 7 Home KP E0 6D E0 50 Video
17 43 43 0C I E0 47* E0 6C* 6E 4A Home CP
18 44 44 12 O 48 75 75 60 8 Up KP 5B 1F 08 68 F13
19 4D 4D 13 P E0 48* E0 75* 63 52 Up CP 5C 27 10 69 F14
1A 54 54 2F { [ 49 7D 7D 61 9 PgUp KP 5D 2F 18 6A F15
1B 5B 5B 30 } ] E0 49* E0 7D* 6F 4B PgUp CP 63 5E 2C 6B F16
1C 5A 5A 28 Enter 4A 7B 84 56 - KP 64 08 2B 6C F17
E0 1C E0 5A 79 58 Enter KP 4B 6B 6B 5C 4 Left KP 65 10 30 6D F18
1D 14 11 E0 Ctrl L E0 4B* E0 6B* 61 50 Left CP 66 18 38 6E F19
E0 1D E0 14 58 E4 Ctrl R 4C 73 73 97 5 KP 67 20 40 6F F20
1E 1C 1C 04 A 4D 74 74 5E 6 Right KP 68 28 48 70 F21
1F 1B 1B 16 S E0 4D* E0 74* 6A 4F Right CP 69 30 50 71 F22
20 23 23 07 D 4E 79 7C 57 + KP 6A 38 57 72 F23
21 2B 2B 09 F 4F 69 69 59 1 End KP 6B 40 5F 73 F24
22 34 34 0A G E0 4F* E0 69* 65 4D End CP 75 Help
23 33 33 0B H 50 72 72 5A 2 Down KP [71] 19 05 9A Attn SysRq
24 3B 3B 0D J E0 50* E0 72* 60 51 Down CP 76 5F 06 9C Clear
25 42 42 0E K 51 7A 7A 5B 3 PgDn KP 76 Stop
26 4B 4B 0F L E0 51* E0 7A* 6D 4E PgDn CP 77 Again
27 4C 4C 33 : ; 52 70 70 62 0 Ins KP 72 39 04 A3 CrSel Properties
28 52 52 34 " ' E0 52* E0 70* 67 49 Ins CP 0C Pause ErInp
29 0E 0E 35 ~ ` 53 71 71 63 . Del KP 78 Undo
2A 12 12 E1 Shift L E0 53* E0 71* 64 4C Del CP 74 53 03 A4 ExSel SetUp
2B 5D 5C 31 | \ 54 84 SysRq 6D 50 0E ErEOF Recrd
2B 5D 53 53 (INT 2) 56 61 13 64 (INT 1)
2C 1A 1A 1D Z 57 78 56 44 F11 80 Copy
2D 22 22 1B X 58 07 5E 45 F12 83 Print Ident
2E 21 21 06 C E0 5B E0 1F 8B E3 Win L 6F 6F 0A Copy Test
2F 2A 2A 19 V E0 5C E0 27 8C E7 Win R
30 32 32 05 B E0 5D E0 2F 8D 65 WinMenu 81 Paste
31 31 31 11 N 70 13 87 88 katakana 75 5C 01 Enl Help
32 3A 3A 10 M 73 51 51 87 (INT 3) 6C 48 09 Ctrl
33 41 41 36 < , 77 62 8C furigana 82 Find
34 49 49 37 > . 79 64 86 8A kanji 79 Cut
35 4A 4A 38 ? / 7B 67 85 8B hiragana
35+ 4A+ 77 54 / KP 7D 6A 5D 89 (INT 4) E0 4C E0 73 62 Rule
36 59 59 E5 Shift R [7E] 6D 7B (INT 5)This part is relevant:
47 6C 6C 5F 7 Home KP
That is under the USB column.
So for 4 and 5:
4B 6B 6B 5C 4 Left KP
4C 73 73 97 5 KP
Adding 136 I get:
0x5c + 136 = 228 // keypad 4
0x97 + 136 = 287 // keypad 5
Now I forsee a problem here, because 287 exceeds what will fit into a byte. I can't see any easy way around this, maybe someone else can. Changing "Keyboard_::press" in HID.cpp to take an unsigned int rather than a byte might be a simple way.
Maybe change:
size_t Keyboard_::press(uint8_t k)
to:
size_t Keyboard_::press(unsigned int k)
I'm not sure if that will work or not.
KEYPAD_6 = 230
KEYPAD_5 = 229
KEYPAD_4 = 228
Did I misread the diagram?
The diagram might be wrong. Looking at another source it seems likely the codes are (in decimal):
KEYPAD_SLASH 84
KEYPAD_ASTERIX 85
KEYPAD_MINUS 86
KEYPAD_PLUS 87
KEYPAD_ENTER 88
KEYPAD_1 89
KEYPAD_2 90
KEYPAD_3 91
KEYPAD_4 92
KEYPAD_5 93
KEYPAD_6 94
KEYPAD_7 95
KEYPAD_8 96
KEYPAD_9 97
KEYPAD_0 98
KEYPAD_PERIOD 99
So just add 136 to each of those.
So with the addition done:
const byte KEYPAD_0 = 234;
const byte KEYPAD_1 = 225;
const byte KEYPAD_2 = 226;
const byte KEYPAD_3 = 227;
const byte KEYPAD_4 = 228;
const byte KEYPAD_5 = 229;
const byte KEYPAD_6 = 230;
const byte KEYPAD_7 = 231;
const byte KEYPAD_8 = 232;
const byte KEYPAD_9 = 233;
const byte KEYPAD_ASTERIX = 221;
const byte KEYPAD_ENTER = 224;
const byte KEYPAD_MINUS = 222;
const byte KEYPAD_PERIOD = 235;
const byte KEYPAD_PLUS = 223;
const byte KEYPAD_SLASH = 220;
These are suitable for use with Keyboard.press, eg.
Keyboard.press (KEYPAD_PERIOD);
And since I am on a bit of a roll here with this, I converted all the symbols from the other file I had:
const byte KEYPAD_0 = 234;
const byte KEYPAD_1 = 225;
const byte KEYPAD_2 = 226;
const byte KEYPAD_3 = 227;
const byte KEYPAD_4 = 228;
const byte KEYPAD_5 = 229;
const byte KEYPAD_6 = 230;
const byte KEYPAD_7 = 231;
const byte KEYPAD_8 = 232;
const byte KEYPAD_9 = 233;
const byte KEYPAD_ASTERIX = 221;
const byte KEYPAD_ENTER = 224;
const byte KEYPAD_MINUS = 222;
const byte KEYPAD_PERIOD = 235;
const byte KEYPAD_PLUS = 223;
const byte KEYPAD_SLASH = 220;
const byte KEY_BACKSLASH = 185;
const byte KEY_BACKSPACE = 178;
const byte KEY_CAPS_LOCK = 193;
const byte KEY_COMMA = 190;
const byte KEY_DELETE = 212;
const byte KEY_DOWN = 217;
const byte KEY_END = 213;
const byte KEY_ENTER = 176;
const byte KEY_EQUAL = 182;
const byte KEY_ESC = 177;
const byte KEY_F1 = 194;
const byte KEY_F2 = 195;
const byte KEY_F3 = 196;
const byte KEY_F4 = 197;
const byte KEY_F5 = 198;
const byte KEY_F6 = 199;
const byte KEY_F7 = 200;
const byte KEY_F8 = 201;
const byte KEY_F9 = 202;
const byte KEY_F10 = 203;
const byte KEY_F11 = 204;
const byte KEY_F12 = 205;
const byte KEY_F13 = 240;
const byte KEY_F14 = 241;
const byte KEY_F15 = 242;
const byte KEY_F16 = 243;
const byte KEY_F17 = 244;
const byte KEY_F18 = 245;
const byte KEY_F19 = 246;
const byte KEY_F20 = 247;
const byte KEY_F21 = 248;
const byte KEY_F22 = 249;
const byte KEY_F23 = 250;
const byte KEY_F24 = 251;
const byte KEY_HOME = 210;
const byte KEY_INSERT = 209;
const byte KEY_LEFT = 216;
const byte KEY_LEFT_BRACE = 183;
const byte KEY_MENU = 237;
const byte KEY_MINUS = 181;
const byte KEY_NON_US_NUM = 186;
const byte KEY_NUM_LOCK = 219;
const byte KEY_PAGE_DOWN = 214;
const byte KEY_PAGE_UP = 211;
const byte KEY_PAUSE = 208;
const byte KEY_PERIOD = 191;
const byte KEY_PRINTSCREEN = 206;
const byte KEY_QUOTE = 188;
const byte KEY_RIGHT = 215;
const byte KEY_RIGHT_BRACE = 184;
const byte KEY_SCROLL_LOCK = 207;
const byte KEY_SEMICOLON = 187;
const byte KEY_SLASH = 192;
const byte KEY_SPACE = 180;
const byte KEY_TAB = 179;
const byte KEY_TILDE = 189;
const byte KEY_UP = 218;
You will probably get compile errors with the above because of clashing #define clauses. This might work better:
#define KEYPAD_0 234
#define KEYPAD_1 225
#define KEYPAD_2 226
#define KEYPAD_3 227
#define KEYPAD_4 228
#define KEYPAD_5 229
#define KEYPAD_6 230
#define KEYPAD_7 231
#define KEYPAD_8 232
#define KEYPAD_9 233
#define KEYPAD_ASTERIX 221
#define KEYPAD_ENTER 224
#define KEYPAD_MINUS 222
#define KEYPAD_PERIOD 235
#define KEYPAD_PLUS 223
#define KEYPAD_SLASH 220
#define KEY_BACKSLASH 185
#define KEY_BACKSPACE 178
#define KEY_CAPS_LOCK 193
#define KEY_COMMA 190
#define KEY_DELETE 212
#define KEY_DOWN 217
#define KEY_END 213
#define KEY_ENTER 176
#define KEY_EQUAL 182
#define KEY_ESC 177
#define KEY_F1 194
#define KEY_F2 195
#define KEY_F3 196
#define KEY_F4 197
#define KEY_F5 198
#define KEY_F6 199
#define KEY_F7 200
#define KEY_F8 201
#define KEY_F9 202
#define KEY_F10 203
#define KEY_F11 204
#define KEY_F12 205
#define KEY_F13 240
#define KEY_F14 241
#define KEY_F15 242
#define KEY_F16 243
#define KEY_F17 244
#define KEY_F18 245
#define KEY_F19 246
#define KEY_F20 247
#define KEY_F21 248
#define KEY_F22 249
#define KEY_F23 250
#define KEY_F24 251
#define KEY_HOME 210
#define KEY_INSERT 209
#define KEY_LEFT 216
#define KEY_LEFT_BRACE 183
#define KEY_MENU 237
#define KEY_MINUS 181
#define KEY_NON_US_NUM 186
#define KEY_NUM_LOCK 219
#define KEY_PAGE_DOWN 214
#define KEY_PAGE_UP 211
#define KEY_PAUSE 208
#define KEY_PERIOD 191
#define KEY_PRINTSCREEN 206
#define KEY_QUOTE 188
#define KEY_RIGHT 215
#define KEY_RIGHT_BRACE 184
#define KEY_SCROLL_LOCK 207
#define KEY_SEMICOLON 187
#define KEY_SLASH 192
#define KEY_SPACE 180
#define KEY_TAB 179
#define KEY_TILDE 189
#define KEY_UP 218
I have tested it for KEYPAD_0 to KEYPAD_9 from an Arduino Leonardo, in linux with xev, and compared to numpad with NumLock on. They result into the same code. So that is very nice.
The 'xev' also shows the scan code, which is not incremental for 0...9. I guess the code used by an USB keyboard (and the Arduino Leonardo) is one level higher than the scan code.
I was wondering what the unused numbers will do.
The new defines are now 176 ... 251, without the numbers : 238, 239.
However, 238, 239, and also 252, 253, 254, 255 do nothing at all in xev.
The modifiers from this page: http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/KeyboardModifiers also contain 128...135.
So I also tested 136 to 175. The value 140 ... 175 are mapped to a ... z, 1 ... 9, 0. The rest is ignored.
I don't know why they are mapped, code 140 is exactly the same as pressing key 'a' on my keyboard. Perhaps this is only in linux.
My computer accepts KEY_F12, but not KEY_F13 to KEY_F24, those are also ignored.
The 'Windows' key is called KEY_LEFT_GUI, I have to get used to that.
I can create an euro sign with KEY_RIGHT_ALT and '5' (my keyboard is set to for that). That's nice. Even the Scroll Lock works. But sending NumLock, ScrollLock and CapsLock keys do not set the leds on the keyboard.
KEY_A is 4, so that would be 140 once you add 136 (and so on).
I didn't bother doing a-z because you get that anyway with Keyboard.print.
My computer accepts KEY_F12, but not KEY_F13 to KEY_F24, those are also ignored.
Might be the type of keyboard you tell the OS you have installed.