Is there a convention or good practice for where to connect +ve and gnd on (eg) a 12 pin header with 10 I/O pins? eg:
0 : +ve
1 : gnd
2-6 : input
7-8 : output
Male or female?
Is power going in or out?
In general, not really. Largely depends on application. For better noise immunity, e.g. on high speed signals, it's common to interleave GND with signals.
Otherwise, it is basically a matter of convenience or preference.
Male pins. Power goung out (to an Uno).
You can solder either male or female pins onto many Arduinos.
DO NOT put ve+ next to gnd. Too easy to accidently short them.
Put them at opposite ends of the header.
If you have power on the pins the convention is to use a female header.
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Because then the connections are not exposed to an accidental short
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