Since I am new to Arduino, I would be very happy if you could help me with
I can not understand whether the analog and digital pins are connected in parallel / in a row. I try to figure out what my circuit will look like. I use a Arduino Micro and I place it on a matrix board.
Regardless of what Arduino you are using, every analog and digital pin are connected directly to the microcontroller on your board, the ATmega33U4 in case of the micro. So there is nothing in parallel or series. Have a look at this link.
store.arduino.cc/arduino-micro
I can't post it as a clickable link since I am on my phone, but read this Liz.