Your wiring "looks" correct.
Your LCD seems to have very "long" pin header strip.
Are the pins fully inserted into the breadboard?
Likewise your male-male Dupont cables.
I would connect the LCD signals all on the large breadboard.
GND, +5V and pot can all fit. With two jumpers from ESP32 VIN, GND.
Wiring breadboards requires meticulous care. Dupont jumpers are fairly reliable. Chinese "thin" male-male jumpers are liable to break.
David.