Hi I'm new to electronics. I would like to know if 12v and 20 amps is suitable for drv8825 stepper motor driver and a nema 17 17HS4401 stepper motor which has a current phase of 1.7 ampere and is it okay to perform this setup in a breadboard?
If the motor draws 1.7 amps then a rough guess is that it needs about 3 watts (need to see datasheet to be sure) so a power supply delivering 12v and 0.5 amps would be sufficient. If you have a 20 amp power supply that will also be fine.
I suspect a solderless breadboard would not take kindly to 1.7 amps being passed through it.
1.7A is well beyond breadboard safe limits, you'll melt something, and more to the point risk destroying the driver.
Use solder or screw-terminals. Stepper motor winding connections must be rock solid or you'll fry the driver. Never connect/disconnect the windings with the driver powered up, it will almost certainly become damaged instantly.
1.7A is beyond the 8825's real-world capabilities, it will tend to overheat and shutdown.
Adjust for <=1.5A and use a heatsink on the top of the chip, and you'll probably be OK.