Printing from an Arduino would be a great way to implement a simple data logger for some applications.
The printer would want to be an "old fasioned" line- by- line printer.
If the data were subsequently wanted in machine readable form, modern OCR should be able to do the conversion easily enough.
If the number of pins required to drive the printer would be a problem, then the main Arduino could send "please print this" messages over just two pins (not the valuable serial comms pins) to a second dedicated Arduino (or ad hoc PIC), and THAT could drive the printer. That "answer" would be very similar, just working in the opposite direction, to what I've got working at prototype level for taking the overheads of reading a keyboard off of my "client" Arduino.
Details of that at....