You might want to try a different monitor, it is just fine here, no gaps no messed up characters or missing ones. Screen print does not actually copy the display it gets the information from the display driver. To see the characters it would have to be a picture.
I have Nano CH340, but not this error. The problem seems something in a setting.
A couple tests... Can you connect your Tx pin to your Rx pin, open a Serial Monitor and type any characters with the same character showing in the Serial Monitor? Remove the jumper when done.
And... also just for testing, is there a way to change from Hangul to English? My guess is on the same idea as post #8... wrong number of bits per character. Keep track of changes and make normal if nothing changes.
Sorry, I was vague. I have not experienced the OPs case (with nano/ch340) except when I created a baud mismatch. Loop back is a basic tool for comms after physical inspection.