Problems storing thermistor-data to EEPROM and printing

float temperatureInC(int pinNumber){
  /*Calculates temperature in celsius using a simplified version of
   the Steinhart-Hart-formula
  */

  int voltage;
  voltage = analogRead(pinNumber);
  Rntc = R1 * (1023.0 / Vo - 1.0); // 1023 is the number og analog-levels on arduino-pin
  temp = 1 / T0;
  temp += 1/beta * log(Rntc/R1);
  temp = 1 / temp; // Here the temperature is calculated in Kelvin
  temp = temp - 273.15;

  return temp;
  }

Why does this function need to return the value in a global variable?

Why do you need two lines of code to declare and initialize a variable?

    int valueEEPROM = analogRead(thermistorPin) / 5;

What is the relationship between the value read from a pin that appears to have a thermistor connected to it and some value to be written to/read from EEPROM?

    float tempEEPROM(int something){
      EEPROM.read(something);
    }

You lied. You said this function would return a float. It does not. It is pointless to read from EEPROM if you don't care what you read. The documentation for the read() method will tell you what "something" needs to be.

    if(address = EEPROM.length()){
      address = 0;
    }

Why are you assigning the length of EEPROM to address in an if statement? The assigned value will certainly not be 0, since the amount of EEPROM is not 0, and since any positive or negative value is true, you will end up with address equal to 0 every time.

= != ==

On every pass through loop(), you write the same nonsense value to the same EEPROM address. Then, you read from some other address, and pass some useless value to temperatureInC() that it thinks is a pin number.

What were you thinking?