Programming Standalone ATMEGA328-PU Without Removing Arduino Chip

I have an Arduino Uno SMD Edition and I want to program a standalone ATMEGA328-PU chip.

Some background info about the chip:
It has been previously programmed using someone else's Arduino Uno clone with removable chip, then placed on a breadboard with 16 MHz external oscillator.

Now, I do not have access to another Arduino board other than the SMD one, who's chip cannot be removed. I also do not have the oscillator anymore. I want to program the ATMEGA and use it by itself on a breadboard on internal clock.

I have tried all the following without success:

https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=92676.0

I have also tried using the ArduinoISP and selecting ATmega328 (8 MHz internal clock) using all serial port options but get this message: avrdude: stk500_getsync(): not in sync: resp=0x00

Is there a method to program my chip without any new hardware? Remember that I cannot remove the chip from my Uno.

So, are you trying to use an SMD ATMega328, on an Arduino board, on a bread board? It seems with what you have programming is not going to be possible if you dont have another Arduino, the oscillator on board, unless you have another micro controller? I guess I am having a hard time understanding what you are trying to do; I could help you more if you explain to me exactly what your setup is.

I attached a picture of my setup. Somehow, I want the ATMEGA328-PU on the breadboard to be programmed without any additional hardware.

Read this from Nick Gammon's web site.

larryd:
Read this from Nick Gammon's web site.
Gammon Forum : Electronics : Microprocessors : How to make an Arduino-compatible minimal board

This missing a key piece of information. You need to provide an external clock to the breadboard ‘328. Refer to the link that larryd provided but be sure to scroll down to section titled “Alternate clock source” and add the extra wire from your smd Uno to pin 9 of the breadboard 328.