PWM driving of a DC/DC Converter with Arduino nano

Murmeltier:
Well, because there was no PWM at either pin 9 or 10, which was the problem I exposed in my first post.

Now I am really confused.

The Nano pins 9 and 10 are PWM capable but they can also be used as digital pins. As you were using digitalWrite() I am not really surprised that there was no PWM at either pin 9 or 10