I tried my light switch remote and it read those codes just fine. I also tried a 315MHz receiver just in case the device is labeled wrong, but I got no different results. Or any results for that matter. The remote itself works fine with the receivers it came with.
Is there anything I can do to troubleshoot? Am I just out of luck with this thing?
But now the fun part begins.
You can record the pulses with SDR (Software Defined Radio).
And I'm sure someone already discovered the bit stream that is used for the flash lights.
This is a blog about it: Sniffing Canon’s ETTL protocol | Bill Grundmann's Blog
It seems to be a lot harder than I thought.
If you have the existing transmitter unit, and are OK with opening it, e.g. using a saw (though it may not be that hard to pop it open)
You could take a look at what the push button on the transmitter unit actually does
The simplest way to trigger using the Arduino is to use a relay, but that may be too slow for you.
A reed relay is faster, but still may not be fast enough.
You may be able to use an opto couple in place of the button (they should be plenty fast enough), but you'd need to measure the voltages on the push button.
I'd not bother trying to find an FM transmitter, as you'd also need to work out what frequency and protocol etc they use, and it would be much easier just to fool the sending into thinking you've physically pushed the button