Read ADC sine wave values

Why do you need this

if(VCO_Final>0 && VCO_Final<1) //if VCO lies between 0 and 1, calculate wavelength, distance and others.
 { 
  calculate();
 }
 else if(VCO_Final>1 && VCO_Final<2)
 {
   calculate();
 }
 else if(VCO_Final>2 && VCO_Final<3)
 {
   calculate();
 }
 else if(VCO_Final>3 && VCO_Final<4)
 {
   calculate();
 }
 else if(VCO_Final>4 && VCO_Final<5)
 {
   calculate();
 }
 else if(VCO_Final>5 && VCO_Final<6)
 {
   calculate();
 }
 else if(VCO_Final>6 && VCO_Final<7)
 {
   calculate();
 }
 else if(VCO_Final>7 && VCO_Final<8)
 {
   calculate();
 }
 else if(VCO_Final>8 && VCO_Final<9)
 {
   calculate();
 }
 else
 {
   calculate();
 }

instead of this

  calculate();

And while we are at it: why is "calculate" a separate function? You call it only once and it shares the data with the main loop anyway.

Also you use lots of global variables for no apparent reason. I suggest you cleanup your code a little bit before any further analysis.