print() will still convert the value to a string prior to sending. The only function to use to send binary data is write().
This is not correct. If the argument to the print() method is a character, the character's value is directly transfered using the write() method. But the detour over the print() method is not necessary and might lead to future errors.
I tried to use Serial.print(inByte) and Serial.write(inByte), neither of them output anything from the sketch to my python.
Try using ser.read() instead of ser.readline() in your python script. And don't use print to put a byte value out as it will be made "printable" by converting it to hex format. If you have problem programming the Pi in python, go to a Pi forum. The Arduino code does what you told us you expect it to do.