Get a buck converter to create 5 volt for the controller and the B T.
Measuring/sensing 12 volt is no problem using a voltage divider. You need a driver for the LEDs because of the current they need.
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How about this board, basically a Leonardo with Bluetooth.
Add a couple of transistors to switch LEDs on/off, or to have 12V signals pull an INPUT_PULLUP pin low so you know the 12V signal is high.
Railroader:
I don't read any "Yippee 12 volt, here we come". Watch out!
You're right. I had jumped two steps - initially was looking at a variant that possibly did.
I will look at a buck to give me 5V on the USB input.
I've now been seduced by the updated Sense variant, which will allow me to do cheezeball stuff like change the intensity of the lights based on exhaust noise level
Having a buck converter producing 5 volt You can feed it to the Arduino 5 volt pin, if I'm not totally lost.
Reading 12 volt stuff calls for voltage dividers done by 2 resistors.