The reason I was asking is that it sounds like you are trying to teach correct movement from the beginning, so the patient forms muscle memory, not strictly brain memory.
To do that, the feedback needs to be immediate. Looking at data two weeks later in the doctors office won't be useful at all, I would think.
I would like to process some data coming in from sensors that are placed on the body and detecting movements.
What kind of sensors? How many?
At 115200 baud, you can send 11,520 bytes per second, or 5,760 ints. That's either a lot of sensors or a lot of idle time. Maybe not exactly idle, since some time is involved in reading the sensors, but there will be a fair amount of excess capacity.
The more interesting part of the project is the 3D animation on the PC, I think. What language/software are you planning to use? I like C# and OpenGL myself for something like this.