Why do you want to?
Half of E24 values are also values of E12. If the value is not part of the E12 series, it must be E24, but if it is part of both series you cannot distinguish - and I see no reason why I should.
A 100ohm resistor is a 100ohm resistor. The physical difference may be the tolerance and/or the wattage. But you can assign it to E12 or E24 - that's no difference and doesn't matter when using it. I still don't know what your point is.
No, you can't.
E12 series just has less steps over the full range than E24.
So usually you can use E12 (which are produced at very large scale and thus cheap). Sometimes you need a value that is not in E12. Then you can look in E24 series, or even E48 or E96. The resistors in the latter series will usually be high precision (it does not make sense to buy a 110 ohm resistor instead of 100ohm if the accuracy is only 10%...). But nowadays, resistors are often within a few percent (even if it has a gold band). If you want an exact 100 ohm: just take 10 out of a bag and measure...). E96 will be more expensive and may not be on stock in regular electronics stores.
You cannot...
It is like having all integers in one bag and al even numbers in another.
Mix them together.
Pick one. It is a two. From which bag did it come?