Resistors in a circuit

I am glad to see a moderator saying this! I am in the same boat really. I have so many questions, but I just can not seem to find the correct words to utilize the search to its fullest.

Since we're on the topic of resistors and ohms law, could someone explain how many amps is too many amps (i dont want to break my arduino)? Can someone walk me through this? I only have ONE of the needed two bits regarding ohms law (voltage = 5v). Where would I get the resistance or current when I am setting up a few LEDs for example?

I've just been throwing a resistor on every LED (330) to connect them to the ground due to my lack of real knowledge. I'd like to fix that lol.