I'm asking about retrieving this data form compilation, to know when .bin file was compiled (what values of compilation date and time are compiled in file). Either from file data or at compilation process.
Unless you do something to embed the date and time in the file, the date and time are not there!
Serial.print(DATE) is one way to embed the date in the file, although that doesn't allow you to get at it later.
char *date = DATE;
is another way that DOES allow you to get at the stored date.
I'm sure you can figure out the time equivalent.