The new board description was for Nano with Optiboot. There is an Optiboot loader for the Nano in the Arduino.app archive which I used in one of my attempts. But to use this variant I'd need to add a different board type as this is obviously nothing official.
It doesn't matter which ATmega328 bootloader I choose. Flashing with USBasp makes the board work (while being attached to USBasp). If I remove USBasp and plug in the Nano the usual way, it plays dead. You can see that very easy when using a blink sample: Freshly flashed, it blinks; plugged in the usual way only power LED is on.