Sensing an external voltage which switches between 12V and 0V

Ahhh - I see. The 200mA is the maximum current that the device is designed to allow out through the outputs, not what should be going through them.

So if the current is highly restricted we aren't wasting power and just allowing a trickle through.

We don't want current, as we are dealing with signals, even with a tiny current the signal is still available as a voltage.

So - theoretical question - how do you decide how high the total resistance should be?