Sensor from engine spark plug: only collecting data for a few seconds.

I am wrapping a wire around the cable that goes to the spark plug, so that a pulse is induced in this wire each time the engine sparks.

That was perfectly clear. That pulse can be hundreds, to thousands of volts, positive and negative, into a high impedance load.

I didn't think noise would be an issue.

I'm quite certain that it is, having seen quite a bit of circuitry destroyed by electrical noise in automotive electrical systems. And, you are here because you have a problem!

The entire circuit needs to be in a grounded metal box, and the signal wire needs to be shielded, with the shield grounded.

Good luck with your project.