How can I record my voice and then have that play on the arduino?
The Arduino can't do that alone, nor can it drive a speaker, so you will need a recording and playback module.
This is a complex project for a beginner, and in particular, the detection of certain sound levels or audio signals, then taking action is a surprisingly difficult task that has defeated many advanced hobbyists. Search through the forum and elsewhere for (mostly failed) ideas.
We recommend to start with simple example projects, to learn the programming language and the special features of the Arduino.