Usually pots are connected with one side to GND and the other side to the source (5V in your case), the runner goes to the analog input. So the 10k is the load on there will not be a short.
There are other ways to connect a pot but I don't think that they apply here.
You are absolutly right. But regardless of whether you use 1k Ohm pot or 10k Ohm pot, there is no need to calculate. The cards are made to handle different types of potentiometers.
I am only talking power input and output to Arduino.
I will only be using digital signals in and out and analog input.
But I am glad that I figuerd out everything at last, with the help of you guys, and you pushed me in the right direction to ask the corect questions and search for the corect answers. Thanks to that, I was able to figure out which of the answers were correct and which were incorrect and which were fuzzy and had nothing to do with the matter. For example, to supply 5 volts to ANY of the arduino pins is WRONG, IMO. That powering these microcontrollers is the internal voltage regulator on Arduino's job is NOT YOURS.
The only thing that would have been cool if you could do is that the shield could automatically detect if you have an Arduino on it or a Pokeys57E on it and switch between 5V or 3.3 to potentiometers.
But if I think right, it should be possible to solve automatically.
Because if you put an arduino on the shield, 5 volts is supplied to the pot and but if you do not have an arduino on the shield, it will not be supplied 5V more than from incoming on the D-Sub and to the pin that will supply 5 volts to the Pokeys.
If, on the other hand, you put a Pokeys card on the shield, 3.3V is fed to the same place.
This should mean that I do not even need a jumper.
Or am I thinking wrong?
I should be abel to shange from this:
To this:
Therefore Pokeys and Arduino will never be connected to the same shield at the same time.
What I'm worried about is that I think wrong when I connect this to the main circuit board, that there will be a short circuit somewhere if you have a shield with arduino and one with pokeys. That in some way voltage is fed backwards into one of the cards.
One might say that Pokeys and Arduino are a form of jumper that connects to different pins?
So if I changed it to this, will pokeys 3.3v an arduino 5 meat some where on tha main pcb, that is the question?
I have to draw.
Then you are doing it wrong!
No you can't, it is USB that power your card. You can't power Arduino from the other side of a regulator.
Edit:
Aparently you wher right, at least with the UNO, you can power Ardunio threw the 5V power pin:
10 min in to this video, but then you aperently bypass the voltage regulator on the board.
Definition of powering arduino must be how to power the microcontroller. Powering peripherals can't count as powering Arduino.
The question is then. Should I power Ardunio Mega with 5V or 12V therew VIN.
The last clip show diferent from the first.
Now I don't know what is best?
If I power threw VIN I get som protection.
What are the pros and cons?
I still think I want to power threw VIN.
Fond this expensive card:
Viz. #18. An apology is due. 
It's really too much to ask. That I admit that in part he was right is an excuse as good as anyone, I could only ignore it. Also, it is NOT recommended to power your arduino that way, according to the movie, and could potentially destroy the arduino. I could only edit my post and not say that you are wrong. no one who comes into this thread had understood that I wrote it. but I chose the higher moral position and admitted that I was partly wrong.
You really focus on the wrong things.
The question also remains, which is the BEST way to power your arduino.
The best way is Via power plug or USB. Then everything is protected in the best way. If that's the best way, you can not say you was right. Only that it is possible to do as you do.
I did not ask what is possible.
But if you want to supply power via pin then VIN with 7Volt is the best way.
To go so far as to apologize for powering your card in a way that is possible, but indisputably not to recommend according to the video, is a very strange attitude.
feeding 5 V to the "5V" pin - which is the preferred way of powering
If you still insist on powering the 5 volt to 5 volt pin, the preferred way to power the arduino is to ask the developers of the arduino. You have no protection at all and can easily burn the microcontroller. Neither voltage nor current is limited.
Possible but not preferable. He says in the video "But remember, this bypasses the voltage regulator, as such it is not recommended if you do NOT really know what you are doing"
Or did you miss that part of the video.
OK, now I noted several mistakes in the video though it is generally well produced. I did not see any suggestion that powering with 5 V could damage the Arduino. Because as I pointed out in #18, it cannot.
If you want to play silly games, you might argue that supplying 7 V to the "5V" pin could damage it. It could. Just as exactly as supplying 7 V to the USB port could. But that is nothing more than a silly game and parallels the suggestion that "Not Advised unless you REALLY know what you are doing". Yes, unless you can follow instructions - such as supplying 5 V to the "5V" pin - you clearly should not be playing with Arduinox in the first place. There are stories here to that effect.
There is a line in the sand here separating "newbie" from "maker" and this issue of powering the board is just one point where it lies. If you think a newbie cannot find a 5 V power supply - such as the "buck" converters @groundFungus cites, then powering via "Vin" or the "barrel jack" may be advisable and that video may be - sot of - helpful. But when one needs to use the Arduino as a controller for serious projects, this is going to cause problems, later if not sooner. Like your servos.
OK, you are only connecting potentiometers and did not comprehend the significance of using 3.3 V or 5 V. You can get away with it. Most serious projects cannot. 
The only reason I would watch such a video - and indeed did just now - would be to see how correct it was.
And for the most part, it is a good educational presentation. That does not mean it is always reliable.
You get the last word! I will be doing as the manual and others are surgesting. I think its wrong that you recomend powering the bord in a way that works, but is not recomended.
Drifting of subject.
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