As your USB doesn't react I guess that means the USB to TTL chip is broken.
Very likely though that the ESP8266 chip is broken, too. Or at the very least the pin(s) that got to endure 10V, but not much hope for the rest of that chip.
It may be possible to get check whether the ESP8266 is working by connecting 3.3V directly to its Vcc and GND pins. Upon startup the built-in blue LED flashes briefly. Just hold two wires against those pins and see what happens. If no blue flash, not likely it's still working at all.