If you hook up your pins so that on your diagram pin 1 actually goes to pin 0 and pin 2 goes to pin 1 and so on. You can use the port manipulation.
void setup()
{
DDRD = B11111111;
}
void loop()
{
randomSeed(analogRead(0));
switch(random(1,7))
{
case 1:
PORTD = B01010000;
break;
case 2:
PORTD = B00111101;
break;
case 3:
PORTD = B01111001;
break;
case 4:
PORTD = B01110010;
break;
case 5:
PORTD = B01101011;
break;
case 6:
PORTD = B01101111;
break;
}
delay(1000);
}