Sketch for MIDI in to control Tone Function

Ah thanks for your help guys. I think I'm starting to have a better idea of what to google and what I need to learn how to understand. I just discovered this:

http://www.narbotic.com/projects/midivox/

The code for the shield I think is more along the lines of what I'm looking for. Its the sort of "if" command that I'm trying to figure out how to learn. What is the proper name of that so I can try to google a tutorial for that? From what I'm reading, thats what I'd have to write out....

Thank you!!