This is undoubtably out of my skill level, but I am interested in finding a way to document/analyze smells with my arduino MKR 1010. I saw this, so I know something is possible Smell Inspector and this project, although it looks like you need to train the nose to detect certain scents.
Anyone have ideas about what sensors to use? Is this completely out of scope?
Yes, you need to train a sensor like that. Each gas sensor responds to several different substances, which means that you can discriminate only aggregate responses from several of them at a time.
You should find this Electronic Nose project interesting (cheap and Arduino compatible), as it explains the theory.