In addition to the answer that @ruilviana has already given you (including the probable lack of sensitivity), the question is: why?
Why You don't want (can't?) use the adapter board? It gives you a useful digital output (the trimmer adjusts the threshold, and the LM393 compares the value with your threshold) in addition to the analog one.
Note that this sensor will be very quickly corroded, it’s good for a 5 minute experiment to check if there is water in a glass or not but don’t plan to use that for checking when to water your plants over the long term.
Look at capacitive sensors
I agree with @J-M-L on using the capacitive sensor. You can extend its life some by only powering it when taking a reading and reversing the polarity for each read. Good Luck.
My page here shows how you can do that
however I'd use more robust probes
Nice paper thanks for sharing!

