The guys above are right. This works:
void loop() {
state = GROUP_0;
if ( (state & 0xF0) == GROUP_0 )
Serial.println("Never printed for GROUP_0");
state = CHILD_0;
if ( (state & 0xF0) == GROUP_0 )
Serial.println("Never printed for CHILD_0");
state = CHILD_1;
if ( (state & 0xF0) == GROUP_0 )
Serial.println("Never printed for CHILD_1");
delay(1000);
}
See: Operators in C and C++ - Wikipedia
The == operator has higher precedence than the & operator.