SOLVED -- Mega 2560 serial communication works but cannot upload sketches (hat tip in0)

Development Tools Uploading
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Mega gradually stopped uploading by IDE 1.8.19 and IDE 1.8.15. Avrdude complains "not in sync". Symptoms are:

  • avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding -- sometimes complains stk500_getsync() attempt 1 of 10: not in sync ... (see below)
  • Arduino IDE 2.0 can upload sketches, but not IDE 1.8.19/ 15
  • three other Megas, two out of the box, display same problem, and will not upload
  • Same problem (programmer not responding, not in sync) trying to upload to an Uno.
  • replaced USB cable
  • Serial Monitor works, and I can send and receive using serial monitor
  • re-installed windows USB driver, and same problem with CH340 Mega boards
  • rebooted Windows 7
  • re-installed IDE 1.8.19
  • board (AVR Mega) and port are all correct - only one port available and says Arduino Mega 2560. IDE 2.0 has no issues uploading.
  • Loopback test is successful

This is really baffling. If the bootloader is broken, why does IDE 2.0 work, and why do the other 3 Megas not upload with IDE 1.18.19?

My theory: IDE 2.0 has hacked the Arduino USB driver to disable IDE 1.8 uploading!!! (just kidding)

I'm pretty noob. Looked but could not find a parallel situation in past comments. Frankly, I am happier with IDE 2.0, except for its Serial Monitor.

C:\Users\Taler\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avrdude\6.3.0-arduino17/bin/avrdude -CC:\Users\Taler\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avrdude\6.3.0-arduino17/etc/avrdude.conf -v -V -patmega1280 -carduino -PCOM22 -b57600 -D -Uflash:w:C:\Users\Taler\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_371376/Blink.ino.hex:i avrdude: Version 6.3-20190619
System wide configuration file is "C:\Users\Taler\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\tools\avrdude\6.3.0-arduino17/etc/avrdude.conf"

         Using Port                    : COM20
         Using Programmer              : arduino
         Overriding Baud Rate          : 57600
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x0c
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 2 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x8c
...
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 9 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x6
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 10 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x73
avrdude done.  Thank you
An error occurred while uploading the sketch
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Go to tools and be sure you have selected the correct board.

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SOLVED! Thanks to in0 in another thread, this is a simple case of choosing the wrong 'Processor' for the Mega2560 board. The Mega 2560 board comes in two variety of processors - 1280 and 2560. I had accidentally set the processor to 1280, and this is sticky. Changing it back to 2560 - Tools->Processor->Atmega2560 - made the problem go away.

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