[SOLVED] Sketch-Upload via USB/ TTL-Adapter does'nt work ...

Are you relying on the IDE autoreset function or are you using a 'well timed' manual reset method? Many people trying to use those
PL2303 won't work as the signal name reset on those modules are not the DTR or RTS signal needed to pulse the arduino module. You can hack the PL2303 sometimes depending on board layout of the module.