[solved with workaround] HC-05 connected in data mode but cannot read or write data

I am able to set everything in the AT mode, and I am able to get it connected to my MacBook (state pin returns HIGH), HC05 blinks like 1 0 1 0 0 with one second interval. The connections are:
Arduino RX - HC05 TX
Arduino TX - HC05 RX
5v - HC05 VCC
I don't use a voltage divider, just keep it simple.

I removed everything else and have the simplest code to demo here:

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial HC05(5, 6);
 
void setup() 
{  
  Serial.begin(9600);
  HC05.begin(38400);
  Serial.println("ready");  
} 

void loop() 
{ 
  HC05.write('=');
  Serial.write('.');
  delay(1000);
}

I can connect to the device with /dev/tty.HC-05 with screen or coolTerm, but I cannot see any data coming from the Bluetooth module. What to look at now?

When in AT mode, you set the communication baud rate to 38400? The usual default communication baud rate is 9600.

I tried 38400, 9600 with 8 bits, no parity, 1 bit stop.
I found something wrong with my existing projects, so I just picked up this module and inspect it again recently, it was working two years ago. I tried another HC05 module, same problem.

What Arduino are you using? The pins available for software serial can vary?

Arduino RX - HC05 TX
Arduino TX - HC05 RX
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial HC05(5, 6);

The Software Serial constructor is from the point of view of the Arduino. Can you provide a simple sketch of how you have connected things?

SoftwareSerial(rxPin, txPin, inverse_logic)

i am pretty sure wiring is correct,have been using hc05 for a while, It just stops working with my Monterey upgrade. I used a logic analyzer to analyze the pins, I can see a character '=' is sent to the TX pin to the HC05 module every second.

0x3d is actually the ASCII code of '=' in my test program.

Nothing is wrong at the HC05 or arduino side. Why I cannot see it from my MacBook terminal?

Update: somebody found the same problem:

I think it's some kind of bug in Monterey. It's annoying but now it works.

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