But the SS pin is defined in Due like an out, and in Uno is defined like an in. If Due is Master and Uno is a Slave, the comunication is only in one way (from Due to Uno)
So I think maybe the problem is that the Uno can't recognices the "high" logic level because works in 5v.
And here is the point, Maybe if I use a mosfet to open a 5v circuit for Uno. Could be a way to work. Or maybe if I can define an analogical input to define what is "high" and "low" state...
For the wires conection:
digital in pin 9 with a push button in Due
digital out pin 8 with led in both Arduinos
Spi conextion between like in the photo.
In the photo I cannot see a SS connection but you have connected all the other ICSP pins as it looks like. That's a rather bad idea because at least on the UNO side the RESET and the Vcc line are at 5V. The reset line goes directly to he Due's reset input which may kill it while the connected 5V may produce power supply loops with also bad effects. The MISO pin is an output on the UNO (in your configuration) so there 5V kill the corresponding pin on the Due too.