SSD1306 displays are 3.3V devices. They may work with a 5V Arduino Board. They will work with a 3.3V Arduino Board or with a 5V Board together with a voltage level shifter (resistors or 74HC4050).
Oliver
Edit: For I2C (Wire.h) the 74HC4050 wll not work. The 74HC4050 will only work for SPI.