SSD1306 - U8g2lib Framerate?

I agree with you. The SSD1306 may well accept faster I2C than the datasheet specifies.

The SPI interface on the ILI9341 works at far greater speeds than officially specified.
However the parallel timings are accurate.

I would not attempt to run the AVR TWI interface faster than 400kHz but you can certainly use the TWI peripheral more efficiently.

David.