starting with arduino !

You can use PD (Pure Data) in stead of MAX

http://puredata.info/

It's an open source alternative to MAX developed by one of the original MAX developers.
It's not as advanced as MAX, but it's constantly being improved. I don't have much experince with it myself, but i know quite a few people who do and i Think the consensus is that it is easy to use and quite capable.

It's available for Windows, MAC, and serveral Linux variants including Ubuntu.