Stream Binary Data from Arduino Nano 33 BLE to PC via BLE

There is a new enhancement for BLE 5.2 which includes a Low Energy audio codec called LC3, which may deliver what you want:

Not sure which chipset has this available but I'm sure Nordic Semiconductor offers something:

Otherwise investigate the use of the BLE Object Transfer Profile or GATT Service. This is supposed to allow for bulk data transfers via a separate L2CAP connection-oriented channel.