A nice easy way which I am currently playing around with is to have your web page request the data from the Arduino using a RESTful web service setup and using json formatted data packets.
For the database logging that can happen at slower intervals is to either store to local storage, say SD card on your Arduino or to push to server remote database, which sounds it seems like you have under control ok.
Have you considered using a RESTful web service together with json formatted data?
How much data are you needing to request within the one second period?
Is the request period timing critical?
Have you looked into using the process of data change of state (COS) and push data to a server and then only poll from the server every so often to refresh all data?
I use the WebDuino library together with some javascript libraries to present live data on my web page using small json data packets while recording long term logged data for trending on the web page.
These things are what I am currently working on implementing.
Paul