summary of predefined names, routines, macros?

Probably the best thing is to download the datasheet:

http://atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/8271S.pdf

Most of the names are identical to what is in the datasheet. And things like:

_BV(WGM22)

means "the WGM22 bit".

So something like this:

TCCR2B = _BV(WGM22) | _BV(CS20)

Means: in the TCCR2B register (read the datasheet to see what it does) set the WGM22 and CS20 bits.