Do I have to adjust something related to the frequency in the code ? I checked the wiring using a multimeter, and I'm pretty certain all my soldering is good.
I used an I2C scanner code, it doesn't find anything, even though it worked fine before I switched board.
I don't think you can be sure of that, because many times people not components but break out boards containing those components. You have not told us about your circuit in terms of a schematic so we can't be sure.
If you truly don't have pull up resistors anywhere, the the I2C protocol will not work at all.