Prior to the days of cheap computers I believe the first robots used in car assembly plants were taught where to move by a human moving the joints in real-time. Angle encoders recorded the motions and these were then played back to the robot.
If you look at old videos of the first robots used in car assembly plants you will see them moving with disturbingly human like motions complete with unnecessary pauses that people needed in order to maintain their balance while lifting and positioning heavy objects such as a car windscreen.