The best and Efficient way for Multi-Output DC-DC Voltage Conversion

Using Arduino General Electronics
1

I have a battery with a maximum voltage of 42V DC when fully charged. I'm currently working on a PCB where I plan to connect the following components:

  1. Arduino (requires 5V)
  2. ESP32 (requires 3.3V)
  3. Solenoid lock (requires 12V)
  4. GSM chip (requires 4V)

To power these components, I need to convert the 42V DC input voltage into 12V, 5V, 4V, and 3.3V outputs. I'm considering two different approaches but you can suggest another way too

  1. Using the LM2596HV to convert from 42V to 12V and then utilizing another LM2596 to further convert the 12V to 5V. Following this, I would employ additional buck converters to step down the 5V to 4V and then from 4V to 3.3V.
  1. Alternatively, I'm considering using the LM2596HV to convert from 42V to 12V and then using buck convertors to step 12v to 5V, 4V, and 3.3V outputs from the 12V source.

I'm looking for guidance on which approach is the most efficient and will minimize energy loss.
you can suggest components to use for step down too.

Your expertise and advice would be greatly appreciated.

2

Option 1 has only small difference between input and output voltages and itay be hard to find suitable buck converters. Option 2 much more straightforward, just use lm2596 for each.

3

Use a 3.3V Arduino. One less voltage to worry about.

Better still... don't use an Arduino at all. Use only ESP32 for your project. If you need more pins, use I/O expanders. (With only the solenoid and the GSM card, I don't see the need for more pins).

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