The led doesn't want to light (potentiometer /arduino /led /canbus mcp2515 )

I answered a similar question earlier today. This circuit will not work as presented, it is the same as the previous one with the pots and LEDs added. Spend some time following CAN tutorials so you understand what makes it work and what the PHY (Physical) layer looks like. Get a copy of the Arduino cookbook and skim that paying special attention to the section on CAN.