The program doesn't load

Hello everyone, I immersed my life in the world of Arduino recently therefore I'm not an expert.

SO: windows 7 (64bit)
ARDUINO: uno (originale)

I've just finished writing my fully functional program, I tried it and it works.
I bought another two integrates ATMEGA328P-PU (fornitore RS components) because I need to write the program in a new integrate and use it in a separate tab. I put apart the integrated ATMEGA328P-PU that came with the Arduino and I inserted the new one. Now the problem is that I don't know why the program doesn't load.
It only works with the integrated of the Arduino (ATMEGA328P-PU c).
I tried another attempt by opening "blink" (and example of the program) and the lights of the Arduino were on. I made a further attempt loading Blink without integrated and it gave me a different error compared to the one it gave me with the new one.
I guess the new integrated reads but i don't know if there's a process to do when a new integrated is inserted. Guys help me please, thankyou.

This is the error that appears

Lo sketch usa 1.066 byte (3%) dello spazio disponibile per i programmi. Il massimo è 32.256 byte.
Le variabili globali usano 9 byte (0%) di memoria dinamica, lasciando altri 2.039 byte liberi per le variabili locali. Il massimo è 2.048 byte.
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xd5
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 2 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xd5
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 3 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xd5
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 4 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xd5
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 5 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xd5
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 6 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xd5
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 7 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xd5
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 8 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xd5
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 9 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xd5
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 10 of 10: not in sync: resp=0xd5

Are the new ATmega328p-pu IC's bootloaded? In order to upload code onto them normally, you need to put the bootloader onto them (this can be done with a working Arduino running Arduino as ISP sketch, or with an ISP programmer like the USBAsp - or you can buy ATmega328p-pu with optiboot preloaded on them). There are guides all over the internet with instructions for installing the bootloader.

Your problem is likely to be that your IC does not have a bootloader on it yet. I have to admit that I often do not read the stickies at the top of different sections of each forum for things like ettiquette, common problems, what specific topic is for and the rest of that stuff.

Here is the link to one of the stickies at the top of the forum that relates to your problem:
http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=52113.0

Fortunately, your problem should be an easy one to fix, as long as you understand a couple of things:

  1. If you want your other stand-alone Arduino compatible projects to run at the same speed as the Arduino board you purchased, you will need a 16.0 MHz crystal of the correct type and the 22 pF capacitors that are needed to go with that.
  2. You can program the bootloader onto your new ICs but there are likely a few other things you should invest in before you make your other projects: a USB-to-serial converter, voltage regulator ICs (and the capacitors to go with them), and some other parts that you might need but currently do not have. An Arduino kit from a reputable supplier or eBay would be a good idea - just so you can become familiar with the things that can be used with an Arduino. You will have to judge for yourself what size kit you should get.
  3. You should have at least a digital multi-meter for troubleshooting electronics.
  4. You should buy a couple of solderless breadboards to use for experimenting.

There is a tutorial on how to burn a bootloader to a standalone 328P on a solderless breadboard.

You will have to reinsert the original Arduino 328P into the IC socket on the Arduino board before you try to burn the bootloader on the new IC.

Once you burn the bootloader onto the new 328P IC, you can put it in the Arduino board. However, if you have the solderless breadboards, I think it would be easier to use a USB-to-serial converter (of FTDI, CH340, or CP2102 type) to program your stand-along Arduino compatible. It will eventually have to come off the solderless breadboard and be soldered into the project anyway. IC sockets eventually wear out with repeated insertion and extraction of ICs.

Using a solderless breadboard, with its own voltage regulator circuit and other necessities will help you resolve issues that crop up better than using the Arduino board alone.