Write one to read from a sensor. Write one to read from multiple sensors. Write one to write to the LCD. Write one to send random values to the serial port, for a PC application to read and store in the database.
When each part works independently, merge them together into one sketch.
Tip for the temperature sensor: DS18B20 are very accurate and fast enough for the task. Besides multiple of them can be controlled over same set of wires (one-wire protocol) . There exist an excellent lib for these sensors with examples . Think that is a good starter - MilesBurton.com
Arduino is not capable to write directly to a MYSQL DB so you have to make a small PC app that capture the serial output of the arduino (e.g. <temp1, temp2, temp3 newline> and insert in the DB (with a timestamp I guess).