dmayman:
I have a quick question regarding MOSFET transistors. Here's the piece in question: 2N7000_D26ZIn the datasheet it says the gate threshold voltage is .8 min, 3 max, and 2.2 average. When I try supplying 5v to the gate and the source, I only get 2.3v at the drain. When I give the transistor 12v at the gate and 5v and the source, I get the full 5v at the drain.
The voltage at the gate might be 5V relative to ground but it's not 5V relative to the transistors source pin, which is what matters. You have a LED between the source pin and ground which raises the source pin up by a couple of volts.
Golden rule of NPN transistors: The load (ie. the LED) goes above the transistor in the circuit.