I've updated my code to the following as per the suggestions:
unsigned long period = 100000;
float area = 0.0092; // Sensing area of TSL25R device, in cm2
volatile unsigned long pulses = 0;
unsigned long lastPulseCount = 0;
unsigned long lastPulseOutputTime = 0;
void irq1()
{
pulses++;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// SETUP
//
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("START");
pinMode(2, INPUT);
digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
attachInterrupt(0, irq1, RISING);
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// MAIN LOOP
//
void loop()
{
unsigned long elapsedTimeSincePulseCheck = micros() - lastPulseOutputTime;
if (elapsedTimeSincePulseCheck >= period)
{
lastPulseOutputTime = micros();
noInterrupts();
unsigned long pulsesCopy = pulses;
interrupts();
unsigned long pulsesSince = pulsesCopy- lastPulseCount;
unsigned long frequency = getFrequency(elapsedTimeSincePulseCheck, pulsesSince);
long radiance = getRadiance(frequency);
Serial.println(frequency);
lastPulseCount = pulsesCopy;
}
}
unsigned long getFrequency(unsigned long timePeriod, unsigned long pulseCount) {
unsigned long hz = (pulseCount) * (1000000 / timePeriod);
return hz;
}
long getRadiance(unsigned long frequency) {
long irradiance = frequency / area; // Calculate Irradiance (uW/cm2)
return (irradiance);
}
However the output is still showing the same issues if oddly worse now, the graph of frequency looks as follows:

With the raw data being:
START
2210
2200
1980
2210
1980
1989
1980
2210
1980
2210
1980
2210
1980
1989
1980
2210
2200
1989
2200
1980
1989
2200
2210
1980
1980
2210
1980
2210
1980
1989
1980
2200
1989
1980
2210
1980
1980
2210
1980
2210
2200
1980
1989
2200
1980
1980
2210
1980
2200
2210
1980
1989
1980
1980
2210
2200
2200
1980
2210
2200
2200
1989
1980
1980
2210
1980
2200
2210
1980
1980
2210
1980
1989
1980
1980
2210
1980
1980
2210
1980
1989
1980
2200
1989
1980
2210
1980
2200
2210
1980
1980
2200
1989
1980
1980
1989
1980
2200
2200
1980
1980
1980
2200
2210
1980
1980
1989
1980
2210
1980
1989
2200
1980
2210
1980
1980
2210
1980
1980
2210
1980
1980
2210
1980
1989
2200
2200
1980
1971
1980
1980
2200
1980
1980
2200
2200
2200
2200
1980
1980
2200
2200
1980
2200
2200
2200
2200
2210
1980
1980
2200
1989
2200
1989
2200
2200
2210
1980
1980
1980
1980
2210