Two-dimension stepper control with potentiometers

If you accidentally connected the pots to 3.3V instead of 5V that would explain why you don't get the full 0 to 1023 range. Try this test to see (on Serial Monitor) what values you are getting:

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop()
{
  Serial.print(analogRead(A0));
  Serial.print(", ");
  Serial.println(analogRead(A1));
  delay(1000);
}