Two-dimensional arrays

Padding your real data with dummy values just to "correct" the counting from zero which you don't like is a bad idea that will come back to haunt you with scary bugs sooner or later (usually, sooner). You can easily take care of the offset in code when you retrieve a value from the array. If you count from 1 and you want n, just retrieve the element indexed [n-1], and maybe add some comment to remember yourself why you are doing this. Or, make peace with how counting works in most languages and count from zero yourself. You may not have thought of it, but many things we are used to are zero-indexed. Decimal number 789 is zero indexed. To find out how much 789 is, you do:

9 × 10^0 + 8 × 10^1 + 7 × 10^2

Notice the pattern in the exponents?