Joss:
Can you advise a bit more on what constructor and/or what code you ran to get this configuration to work? Also you note a connection to D9 for the reset. What does one do with D9?! internat pullup or something else?
D9 just means digital pin 9 on an Uno. But it could be any line, either controlled by a microprocessor or other hardware, that provides a reset pulse at startup.
I didn't use the u8glib library in my test and I'm not familiar enough with it to suggest a constructor. Maybe Oliver can help you with that. Or you could try the library and sketch I used. In any case, you need a reset or else the display won't work.
edit: The Adafruit library comes with an example "ssd1306_128x64_i2c". In that example reset is connected to pin 4 (instead of 9). If you use that example code and make sure RES = pin 4, CS = GND and D/C = VCC, then it should work.